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and was appointed Secrétaire de la Conférence du Barreau de Paris. He became at the age of 20 the youngest lawyer in France. He later wrote that "In all my years at school I saw no other reason to live than the possibility of recovering our lost provinces." Educated at the University of Paris, Raymond was called to the Paris Bar, and was for some time law editor of the Voltaire. Raymond was also the cousin of Henri Poincaré, the famous mathematician. Poincaré during his military service in the 1880sīorn in Bar-le-Duc, Meuse, France, Raymond Poincaré was the son of Nanine Marie Ficatier, who was deeply religious and Nicolas Antonin Hélène Poincaré, a distinguished civil servant and meteorologist. He served a third term as Prime Minister in 1926–1929. His government was defeated by the Cartel des Gauches at the elections of 1924. By this time Poincaré was seen, especially in the English-speaking world, as an aggressive figure ( Poincaré-la-Guerre) who had helped to cause the war in 1914 and who now favoured punitive anti-German policies. In 1923 he ordered the Occupation of the Ruhr to enforce payment of German reparations. In 1922 Poincaré returned to power as Prime Minister. At the Paris Peace Conference in 1919, he advocated Allied occupation of the Rhineland for at least 30 years and French support for Rhenish separatism. From 1917, he exercised less influence as his political rival Georges Clemenceau had become Prime Minister.
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He was noted for his strongly anti-German attitudes, shifting the Franco-Russian Alliance from the defensive to the offensive, visiting Russia in 19 to strengthen Franco-Russian relations, and giving France's support for Russian military mobilization during the July Crisis of 1914. He purged the French government of all opponents and critics and single-handedly controlled French foreign policy from 1912 to the beginning of World War I. In 1902, he co-founded the Democratic Republican Alliance, the most important centre-right party under the Third Republic, becoming Prime Minister in 1912 and serving as President of the Republic from 1913 to 1920. Trained in law, Poincaré was elected deputy in 1887 and served in the cabinets of Dupuy and Ribot. In 1982, Freedman proved that it was also true for the 4-sphere, for which he was awarded a Fields Medal.Raymond Nicolas Landry Poincaré ( UK: / ˈ p w æ̃ k ɑːr eɪ/, French: 20 August 1860 – 15 October 1934) was a French statesman who served as President of France from 1913 to 1920, and three times as Prime Minister of France. Surprisingly, it was easier to prove the fact for higher-dimensional spheres: In 1960, Smale proved it to be true for the 5-sphere, 6-sphere and higher. The Poincaré conjecture can also be extended to higher dimensions: this is the generalised Poincaré conjecture. He was awarded a Fields Medal and the $1 million Millennium Prize for his work, both of which he declined. The question was finally settled in 2002 by Grigori Perelman, a Russian mathematician, with methods from geometry, showing that it is indeed true. This question motivated much of modern mathematics, especially in the field of topology. The conjecture asks whether the same is true for the 3-sphere, which is an object living naturally in four dimensions. Also, a regular disk (a circle and its interior) is simply connected, but it has an edge (the bounding circle). It is no longer true if we remove the idea of smallness however, as an infinitely large plane is also simply connected. Mathematicians knew that this property was unique to the 2-sphere, in the sense that any other simply connected space that does not have edges and is small enough (in mathematician terms, that is compact) is in fact the 2-sphere. Other spaces do not have this property, for example the donut: a rubber band that goes around the whole donut once cannot be slid down to a point without it leaving the surface. Mathematicians say that the 2-sphere is simply connected. The sphere (also called the 2-sphere, as it is a 2-dimensional surface, although it is usually seen as inside a three dimensional space) has the property that any loop on it can be contracted to a point (if a rubber band is wrapped around the sphere, it is possible to slide it down to a point). It is named after Henri Poincaré, the French mathematician and physicist who formulated it in 1904. The Poincaré Conjecture is a question about spheres in mathematics.